Better Understanding Degenerative Myelopathy (DM) in German Shepherd Dogs

Degenerative Myelopathy (DM) is a progressive disease. It affects the spinal cord of dogs. As working line German Shepherd Dog breeders, this article will focus on the effect of degenerative myelopathy in German Shepherd dogs. With that said, this condition can and does affect a wide range of dog breeds. DM leads to a gradual loss of mobility. It is most common in older German Shepherd Dogs (GSDs); it is quite rare for DM to affect young puppies. This condition can be described as similar to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in humans. DM is a serious concern. Most importantly, this disease can nearly always be avoided. That’s the good news. Well, it can be avoided if breeders are breeding responsibly. Here at Czech Working Line, none of the working line German Shepherd puppies for sale we offer will ever have DM. So that’s great news! Keep reading to better understand DM, what it is, and how to avoid it.

What is Degenerative Myelopathy?

DM is a neurological disease. It affects the white matter in a dog’s spinal cord. This part of the spinal cord carries signals between the brain and the body. Over time, DM destroys these pathways. This ultimately leads to muscle weakness and paralysis. DM is a heritable, genetic condition. A recessive gene, an affected dog “gets the disease” when it inherits two copies of the gene (Awano et al., 2009). A dog with one copy of the gene won’t be affected. In order for a dog to present with DM symptoms, it must carry two copies, inheriting one copy from its mother and the second copy from its father. Lets say one parent carried two copies of the gene and was itself DM affected with full blown symptoms. But, let’s also imagine that dog was bred to a mate that carried no copies of the gene. The offspring to that mating would carry one copy of the gene, inherited from the affected parent. So, remember, a puppy must carry two copies the gene in order to be affected. So, if one parent is clear, carries no copy of the gene, then it will be impossible for a puppy be affected. And so, preventing DM is easy. DNA test the parents. Make sure one parent in a breeding is DM clear (N/N). Make sure one parent has zero copies of the gene. And voila, just like that, no puppy will ever be DM affected. And the kicker is, it’s cheap and easy to do this with modern genetic testing. A dog can be tested for around $50. Thats all it takes to DNA test a dog. A little elbow grease, send the blood sample in to the lab. Pay the $50 fee. And just like that you can know with near 100% certainty how to prevent DM in your puppies. This is why we at Czech Working Line ONLY use DM clear studs! If you have been searching for a German Shepherd for sale, be 100% certain the breeder where you get your puppy is testing their breeding stock.

Symptoms of DM in German Shepherds

The first symptoms of DM are subtle. Dogs may drag their hind legs. Owners might notice wear on the nails of the rear paws. Dogs often stumble or sway when walking. As the disease progresses, symptoms worsen. Paralysis of the hind legs eventually occurs. Over time, the condition can spread to the front legs. Other symptoms include loss of muscle mass and difficulty standing. DM does not appear to cause much pain. However, the loss of mobility impacts the dog’s quality of life. It’s a fairly miserable thing for your dog to not be able to walk. Understanding how easy it is test for and prevent, it makes no sense to not test! If breeders can eliminate DM simply by testing, why would anyone not test?

Causes and Risk Factors of DM 

DM is primarily caused by a genetic mutation. The SOD1 mutation has been identified in many breeds. German Shepherds are among the most affected. Other breeds include Boxers, Corgis, and Chesapeake Bay Retrievers. Age is another significant risk factor. DM typically affects dogs over eight years old. Environmental factors may also contribute. However, genetics play the most critical role (Kathmann et al., 2006). In 99% of cases, DM in an inherited, genetic disease and not environmental. So while other factors can play into the disease, in the majority of cases it should be understood through the lens of an inheritable, and as such preventable, disease.

Diagnosis of DM in German Shepherds

Diagnosing DM can be challenging. No single test confirms the disease. Veterinarians often use a process of elimination. They rule out other conditions like hip dysplasia or spinal tumors. Genetic testing can identify the SOD1 mutation. This helps confirm a diagnosis. MRI scans and spinal taps are sometimes used. These tests exclude other neurological issues. Early diagnosis is essential. It allows owners to plan for their dog’s care.

Progression of DM 

DM is a progressive disease. Symptoms worsen over time. In the early stages, dogs may only show mild weakness. This can progress to complete paralysis of the hind legs. In advanced stages, dogs lose control of their bladder and bowels. They may also struggle with front-leg mobility. The rate of progression varies. Some dogs decline rapidly, while others deteriorate more slowly. On average, dogs live six months to three years after diagnosis (Coates & Wininger, 2010).

Treatment Options For DM in German Shepherds

There is no cure for DM. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms. Physical therapy is one of the most effective approaches. It helps maintain muscle strength and mobility. Hydrotherapy is also beneficial. It allows dogs to exercise without putting pressure on their joints. Assistive devices like wheelchairs can improve mobility. These tools help dogs maintain independence longer.

Nutritional support is another important factor. A balanced diet rich in antioxidants may slow disease progression. Supplements like vitamin E and omega-3 fatty acids are often recommended. Medications can also provide relief. Drugs like aminocaproic acid and prednisone have been used. However, their effectiveness varies (Clemmons, 2006).

Genetic Testing and Prevention 

Genetic testing is a valuable tool for breeders. It identifies carriers of the SOD1 mutation. Responsible breeding practices can reduce the prevalence of DM. Breeders should avoid mating two carriers. This prevents affected puppies from being born. Testing is simple and widely available. It is a crucial step in combating DM in German Shepherds. Again, this is why we only use DM free (N/N) stud dogs. Such a simple solution to preventing GSD litters from being DM affected.

Caring for a Dog with DM

Caring for a dog with DM requires commitment. Owners must adapt their homes to meet the dog’s needs. Non-slip flooring can help prevent falls. Ramps make it easier for dogs to access furniture or vehicles. Regular veterinary check-ups are essential. They help monitor the dog’s condition and adjust care plans as needed.

Emotional support is also important. DM can be challenging for both dogs and their owners. Providing comfort and companionship helps improve the dog’s quality of life. Owners may also benefit from joining support groups. Sharing experiences with others facing similar challenges can be helpful.

Impact on Quality of Life

DM significantly impacts a dog’s quality of life. Loss of mobility limits their ability to play and explore. This can lead to frustration and depression. Owners must focus on enriching their dog’s life. Interactive toys and mental stimulation can help. Ensuring the dog’s comfort is also crucial. Proper bedding and regular grooming make a difference.

The Role of Research in Addressing DM in German Shepherds

Ongoing research aims to better understand DM. Scientists are exploring new treatments and therapies. Gene therapy holds promise for the future. This approach targets the root cause of the disease. Advances in veterinary medicine may eventually lead to a cure. Supporting research initiatives can help accelerate progress.

Conclusion

Degenerative Myelopathy is a serious condition. It affects many German Shepherds and their owners. Understanding the disease is the first step in managing it. Early diagnosis and proper care make a difference. While there is no cure, treatments can improve quality of life. Genetic testing and responsible breeding practices are essential. These measures help reduce the prevalence of DM in future generations. By staying informed and proactive, owners can provide the best care for their dogs. and as we say here at Czech Working Line, the best care is prevention. Don’t breed two DM carriers. Make sure one dog, or both, or clear of the DM gene, and you will nearly always avoid DM. Here at Czech Working Line, our goal is to provide great content that educates our readers and helps them in their German Shepherd journey. For more articles like this on education and training, see our articles page. Click here to see our available German Shepherds for sale.

Bibliography

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